The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
(FISC, also called the FISA Court) is a U.S. federal court established and
authorized under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to
oversee requests for surveillance warrants against foreign spies inside the
United States by federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Such
requests are made most often by the National Security Agency (NSA) and the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Congress created FISA and its court as a
result of the recommendations by the U.S. Senate's Church Committee.
From its opening in 1978 until 2009, the court was housed on
the sixth floor of the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building. Since
2009, the court has been relocated to the E. Barrett Prettyman United States
Courthouse in Washington, D.C.
In 2013, a top-secret order issued by the court, which was
later leaked to the media from documents culled by Edward Snowden, required a
subsidiary of Verizon to provide a daily, on-going feed of all call detail
records—including those for domestic calls—to the NSA.
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